Here are some of the most prominent cases in which religious art was destroyed because of the Biblical injunction against graven images: 

In Judaism, King Hezekiah purged Solomon's Temple in Jerusalem and the Land of Israel of figures, including the Nehushtan, as recorded in the Second Book of Kings. His reforms were reversed in the reign of his son Manasseh.

A Midrash included in Genesis Rabba attributes a major act of iconoclasm to Abraham. This is not attested in the Biblical account of the Patriarch’s life, but is an important aspect of Abraham's character in later Jewish tradition.

The Roman Empire's polytheist state religion's images were destroyed during the process of Christianization.

In the world of Islam, there have been various periods of iconoclasm against images of other religions (e.g., Christianity, Buddhism, etc.) and those produced within Islam.

Byzantine iconoclasm in the Eastern Orthodox Church, of its own religious imagery.

The Beeldenstorm in Europe during the Protestant Reformation and the religious conflicts following, with Protestants destroying traditional (by then considered Catholic imagery) or sometimes Protestant imagery.

Most of the moai of Easter Island were toppled during the 18th century in the iconoclasm of civil wars.

During the French Revolution, people widely destroyed religious and monarchical imagery.

During and after the Russian Revolution, there was widespread destruction of religious and secular imagery as well as destruction of imagery pertaining to or resembling the Czar.

During and after the Communist overthrow of the Chinese monarchy, as well as during the later Cultural Revolution, there was widespread destruction of religious and secular imagery in China, including in Tibet.

In the Roman Catholic Church after the Second Vatican Council, much of its traditional imagery, art, and architecture was discarded.

Statues of Stalin, from as early as 1956 in Budapest, continuing sporadically through the fall of Communism and into the present day.

Statues of Lenin and Felix Dzerzhinsky in formerly-communist Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union.

The Taliban's destruction of two ancient statues of Buddha at Bamyan in Afghanistan.