where the writers are
Cameron's "culture of fear"

David Cameron has so canonised water cannons that they appear to be miracle-makers of the new morality drenching the fires of protest. “London is not Kensington,” an expat tells me. It is a discovery for the immigrant, too, and armed with this knowledge commentary is caged behind fabricated fences on two sides.

As an outsider, I have conveniently been relegated to the posh areas of mood-lit darkness with the occasionally permitted literary yearning for a Bradford-on-Avon. Cameron, one might conjecture, moved slowly precisely to prove a point that has significantly been marking territory and has become the torchbearer of the empire striking back – multiculturalism is dead. What better way to prove the efficacy of such a declamation than show how fissured society is?

There is an England that is slowly trying to get rid of what it sees as flotsam. This is Europe-centric, but as the greatest colonisers the British have to deal with much more leftover baggage. From the Tottenham-Nottingham the fires spread to Birmingham and Southall, the open ghettos with sinewy lanes that hide desperation and despair even as the loud sounds and strong smells assault.

One summer day, I sat in a most unremarkable eatery in just such a lane. It was run by a Bangladeshi and we were served chicken that was in rigor mortis. I was mortified for more than that reason. Inedible as the food was, and rather late for lunch, a few people still trooped in. They all seemed to know one another. They talked in whispers. I did not look like I would seek out anything halal. My credentials were suspect. I could hear the expat spitting out, “London is not Kensington!” My small talk got more attention than it merited. Eye contact, when made, had confusion reflected in the irises.

Walk into stores and you will see it. Leaders choose not to. If you can see, then you must understand, and if you understand then you may need to empathise. Empathy, especially if you are a moralist, would expect some proactive reversal of fear. Where power fumes are exhaled from paranoia, this would not lessen the impact. However if the fear can be used, then the leader will rise to the occasion. Cameron got his moment of empathy when South Asian victims were affected. Three young men of Pakistani origin killed and Sikhs standing guard with sticks and swords outside the temple, with one of them saying, “We’ll take the law into our hands, bad luck.”

Here is how a phrase – taking the law into our hands – that might have played havoc, and which the ‘rioters’ are bludgeoned for, has come in handy and is up for praise. In the House of Commons session, Cameron said, “We saw it (the spirit) in the hundreds of people who stood guard outside a Southall temple, protecting it from vandalism”. He also paid tribute to the parent of one of the Pakistanis: “Everyone will be impressed by the brave words (urging calm) of Tariq Jahan, a father in Birmingham, whose son was so brutally and tragically run over and killed.”

Passive-aggressive is often the subcutaneous layer of such policing. Had the Sikhs or any other group taken the law in their hands for their own demands, they would be deemed criminals. Had the Pakistani father cried for justice and exacted action against the laidback cops, he would not be imbued with this halo. Pugnacity and calm act as the dichotomous daredevils to solve the moral dilemma that seeks to eat into the very innards of pluralism.

There is cunning calculation here, though. A few weeks ago, Britain had announced a new Tier-1Visa category for exceptionally talented immigrants from India and other non-EU countries. The first lot of the best in the fields of Science, Humanities, Engineering and the Arts will be baptised between August 9 and November 30. Britain wants to fatten itself on and flatter itself with outside excellence. These conciliatory noises following the violence are not really meant for the shopkeepers; they are to send out the right signals that the United Kingdom can be home if you are brilliant. The neo-geniuses are just trumped up store owners, who would sell patents and art, and occasionally rationalisation of establishment impunity, the “science of the soul”, if you will.

* * *

The nation of shopkeepers has lived with its corner stores that grew into lanes and streets and hemmed-in areas.

Mark Duggan, the young man who was shot dead by the police, did not spearhead the movement in the streets. No one knew him. And no one cares about him. He is not even a symbol. The people who came out, burned, and looted were dressed for it, in hoods and masks. When those masks were peeled out, we had faces that did not fit the stereotype of race. There was Laura Johnson, peach-pretty, with loads of money. What would she do by robbing laptops, plasma TV sets and high-street clothes?

This question itself exposes elitism. The riots in London and the outskirts have revealed that it is not economy in the doldrums that led to the protests. No, not protests, it is riots, say the mainstream media, as they shout down ‘other’ voices. The problem is not with how the economy is doing but what the economy makes people do. If it were disgruntled Black youth, then why would they rob their own neighbourhoods and kill people who were not the bratpack? What was the police’s pregnant pause about? To let this happen and send a message that crime in the ghettos is the driving force behind recession?

When Cameron finally woke up – revived, one might say, after his belated Tuscan café outings – he spoke about using water cannons against the “culture of fear”. An indelicate analogy may be drawn as to how people often react to fear with a full bladder. It is an instinctive bodily need. The Prime Minister is conducting the business of politics in just such an impulsive manner.

This deciduousness of culture is in fact due to propagated fear. We have seen and heard how Darcus Howe, West Indian writer and broadcaster, was verbally pummeled by the BBC anchor . He called this an insurgency. He wanted to recollect history; she wanted a human interest story: “So, you were saying about your grandson…”

The leader of the nation has all the sons and grandsons on his fingertips. He said, “In too many cases, the parents of these children – if they are still around – don’t care where their children are or who they are with, let alone what they are doing. The potential consequences of neglect and immorality on this scale have been clear for too long, without enough action being taken.”

Not only is this messed up psychoanalysis, but insensitive. There is no reason to condone those who have killed and destroyed parts of the city but he has claimed that the police did not use stringent methods because, “Looting had wrongly been treated as a public order issue, not as simple criminality” until it gathered momentum. Whose sons are the cops? Moreover, how can he insinuate that the parents of these young people may not be around? Is he implying they are later immigrants who have come without knowledge of the United Kingdom and have the temerity to disunite it? Or, is he suggesting that a certain class of people have removed themselves from the mainstream specifically to resurrect a counter-culture against the genteel British one? Perhaps, he might like to consider a walk through the most corseted times of English history, of an era where the morality he loves to flash dictated societal norms, and see for himself the sort of crimes committed then.

His smarmy statement, “These people were all volunteers. They didn’t have to do what they did”, conveys his trick-or-treat attitude. Having packed off the parents to the moral dungeon, he offers the children the luxury of choice. They ‘volunteered’ to commit such crimes. He does not specify whom they were volunteering for. This is part of the fear psychosis. To haunt is better than to hunt. He sent a message from the pulpit: “We will track you down, we will find you, we will charge you, we will punish you. You will pay for what you have done.”

It has taken him a while to find that out. Or was he biding time for the opportune moment where disparate sides could be played against one another and he could bask in the glory of gumption?

* * *

Who will they shut up? The reasonable middle-class as represented by the media talks about those who took to the streets for “justice”, not justice. It is their version as opposed to the proper one. It is pertinent to point out that the few who were not poor belonged to the creamy layer. This works wonderfully to posit evil against evil. The millionaires’ club versus the murky cubby hole. It serves the establishment to partake of the a la carte tokenism of Laura’s theme.

Let us recall the Ernest debate. Discussions about Hemingway’s paranoia were renewed and it was all out again – his depression and his suicide. No one believed his slurred ramblings, including his friend and biographer, A.E. Hotchner who wrote in the New York Times about it. The writer would say, “Everything’s bugged. Can’t use the phone. Mail intercepted.”

As they drove one day, Hemingway peered into a bank; two men were working inside. He said, “Auditors. The F.B.I.’s got them going over my account. Why would two auditors be working in the middle of the night? Of course it’s my account.”

Hotchner was to realise the truth of it: “Decades later, in response to a Freedom of Information petition, the F.B.I. released its Hemingway file. It revealed that beginning in the 1940s J. Edgar Hoover had placed Ernest under surveillance because he was suspicious of Ernest’s activities in Cuba. Over the following years, agents filed reports on him and tapped his phones. The surveillance continued all through his confinement at St. Mary’s Hospital. It is likely that the phone outside his room was tapped after all. In the years since, I have tried to reconcile Ernest’s fear of the F.B.I., which I regretfully misjudged, with the reality of the F.B.I. file. I now believe he truly sensed the surveillance, and that it substantially contributed to his anguish and his suicide.”

We are discovering the plausibility of how the system seeks to subvert thought with WikiLeaks and now how the Murdoch empire used the purveyors of news to create and destroy news. The United Kingdom will need to figure out that the “culture of fear” is not in those stolen in H&M jeans.

Who is the paranoid one here? Is not xenophobia a paranoid reaction by a nation?

© Farzana Versey

Comments
25 Comment count
Comment Bubble Tip

xenophobia-the paranoid state

Outstanding commentary, Farzana. I don't know where to begin with my response. There are so many insightful thoughts here and wonderful lines that deserve a wide audience...this for example: "pugnacity and calm act as the dichotomous daredevils to solve the moral dilemma that seeks to eat into the very innards of pluralism." I am afraid that the purveyors of this 'culture of fear' are wielding some potent weapons~turning the ignorant and vulnerable masses against themselves by appropriating 'justice' for their own insular purposes and spreading new and old forms of propaganda, and fascist rhetoric disguised as 'morality'.

Comment Bubble Tip

Far right

Cindy:

You'd be surprised at the vitriolic emails I have got from some rightwing party person in India over this. At first I did not figure out, and then it struck me that there are similarities.

I am really concerned about the way societies are narrowing their ideologies even as they claimto be globalised. And, yes, morlaity seems ot pervade most political activism.

Appreciate your input.

~F

Comment Bubble Tip

Culture of Fear

Well put!  As usual, your insight is sweeping and yet to the point.  

Comment Bubble Tip

Thank you, Timothy. One has

Thank you, Timothy. One has to circumambulate the centre, which gets larger as we go along.

~F

Comment Bubble Tip

SUPERB ANALYSIS

Long before the riots Cameron established Tea Party economic policies that punished most of the people he's supposed to be working for with lost jobs and diminished access to education and social programs. Now he clearly takes pleasure in telling certain citizens how much he despises them. What an awful Tory twit. 

Comment Bubble Tip

Twit, indeed

Leaders such as these mislead people into believing they are working for them whereas they go about fracturing society. Cameron's policies have been impetuous at best and debasing to the civil construct at worst.

Thanks, Ivan. After the criticism outside this space, it feels good to have some people who understand...

~F

Comment Bubble Tip

Cameron

I fear what happened in the UK will happen here. Desperate voters turn to the right. Its crazy policies to further enrich the rich at everyone else's expense impoverish the country further & everything becomes more desperate. So the leader finds an 'other' to blame. 'These people don't belong here. They're ruining everything.' We've seen parts of this scenario before. 

Comment Bubble Tip

On Acceptance of Multiculturalism

Farzana,

To those senders of the vitriolic emails to you, I’d like them to show up in this discussion. It will be good for both sides. Transparency is only fair, and we know fear draws more fear. I’m sure the senders know that. Also, I see xenophobic/elitism opinions on blogs here and there. But the owners of such opinions appear to be completely unaware of the state of their minds, and they seem equally unaware of their family history that they came from somewhere. This is curious.

I think we need to be much more critically aware of how we see others—it’s been my big challenge all my life also-- and we are always in the middle of the history and time and there is no land of pure, so to speak, and we are all mix races.

I’m reading Faiz’s book, “O City of Lights” with much interest. On page 30 and 31, there is a good discussion. It’s on language and poetry, but I see his open political attitude in it. I can’t tell you how exactly those pages connects to this blog, but I do feel it.

Comment Bubble Tip

Distances

Keiko:
Anonymity is a huge advantage, and I think that part of the reason for such distancing is their own fears. I have indeed read some shocking stuff, too, and let me assure you that the so-called educated folks can be far worse because they have the power of 'reasoning'. In fact, they think they are being brave.

You are so right there is no one land of the pure. Recently, after a teenage suicide bomber entered a mosque in Peshawar, Pakistan, and it resulted in 50 deaths and a couple of hundred injured (it being a Friday), I mentioned how in the month of fasting they could blow up people, and believers at that. A Hindu rightwing person commented cryptically, "THEY???" Do you know what it means? He is suggesting that because I am Muslim by birth, I would naturally owe allegiance to any jihadi group. These are the same people who gloat about other people's misfortunes and know nothing about the country. This whole enemy situation bothers me.

Faiz was one of the earliest and greatest rebels and yet remained true to his origins in many ways. This is how true you can be to your culture. Not with blinkers on. Unfortunately, for all the democracy that India flaunts, with my name I am identifiable as belonging to a certain faith and that the rightwing finds easy to jump at.

~F

Comment Bubble Tip

Convenient Easy Jumping

Farzana,

Labeling one huge population to one problem group is obviously short sighted. It’s prejudice. The rightwing person you mentioned seems attacking you. We can’t discuss anything with such attitude.

About Faiz, I read that while he was in prison, he was asked to help promote the literature of his country by the same government that put him in jail. I thought that was great. What a conflict! Also, his poems hardly contain “I.” Most of them I read have no I at all. Amazing in sensitive way. Or should I say sensitive in amazing way? Then later, I read that he was doing it consciously. But I thought without such tradition, he wouldn’t have thought of it in the first place. So, I’m more curious about the Urdu literature.

Comment Bubble Tip

Rebels

Keiko:

Well, this person has a history and I at least know where he stands. Besides, he is not anonymous. 

I am surprised by what you say regarding Faiz. Are you referring to the military regime? He was arrested, exiled. If you mean that he stood for Pakistani literature, then yes, he symbolised it, but as very much an outsider. In fact, he was married to an Englishwoman. 

Re. the absence of 'I', he may have done it consciously, but let me also tell you that when you read 'we' in Urdu it is a literal translation. Many from the elite and also those well-read choose 'hum' (we) for oneself instead of 'main', which is 'I' (the N is not emphasised; it is a nasal sound). The lyrics of many old Hindi/Urdu films too use this. I do it too, even in spoken Urdu! It sounds posh although it just happens without my thinking...

~F

Comment Bubble Tip

Faiz and hum

Farzana,

P. xvi of “The Rebel’s Silhouette”
“In 1958, he was removed from that post (the editor of the Pakistan Times) and jailed when Ayub Khan’s military government took over. Interestingly, when UNESCO was approaching governments to nominate the representative writers of their countries—so they could be translated into various “major” languages—FAIZ’s was the first name Ayub Khan mentioned.”

About hum and main, it is interesting. Hum is softer than main even if you don’t pronounce “n.”

Comment Bubble Tip

The rebel

Thanks for the quote, Keiko. This only reveals that when a nation wnats to project its talents, it will renege on its own position. One must remember, too, that Faiz became more crusty in his later years and his legacy is that he inspired a whole bunch of firebrand writers, including Ahmed Faraz.

You are right. Hum is softer than Main.

~F

Comment Bubble Tip

Bigotry

Farzana,

It's very tempting for some personalities to rage on the Net. They're granted at least some degree of anonymity in this arena that makes them braver and nastier. It's hard to get used to, but I try to tell myself they're outnumbered by civilized people. This is a kind of playground and some players are masked. We should never mistake it for real life.

Cheers,

Ivan

Comment Bubble Tip

Idealism

Ivan:

Unfortunately, the civilised do not speak up often enough. And, much as I'd like to believe otherwise, at least in my environment I have found that there is a whispering rage even among those who do not express it so openly.

I am willing to accept that from another perspective what I say may be seen as prejudiced to their views, but there needs to be some understanding. That is the reason I engage in some sort of dialogue. In hope...

~F

Comment Bubble Tip

An exchange of views

This is a correspondence with a hardcore rightwing party senior functionary on the topic of this piece. It is civilised, but he has smartly veered the discussion to his ideology.

Note

Dear Farzanaji,
Pranam,

I am not sure if Cameron has linked the present riots to the multi-cultural programme. He has, however, said that multi-culturalism has failed much before the riots, and he was talking in the sense of the non-integration of the Muslims community with the mainstream society. This lament has been expressed by other European leaders with respect to their own countries.

On multi-culturalism my thoughts are as follows.

The primary problem is that the term culture is not properly defined. In common parlance it would be a secular term, and would normally have a geographical connotation. Thus we can have an Iraqi culture, or an Iranian culture, or an Indoensian culture, or an Egyptian culture. But to lump all of them in a common term of Islamic culture would be wrong. I am sure that no Indonesian would accept that in culture and civilisational terms he has anything common with a Turk.

Similarly, on the Christian side, I do not think that a French would accept that he has the same culture as the English, or a German with an Italian. Nor would a Welshman agree that he has the same culture as an Englishman. In Germany, the Bavarians really think they should be a separate country. As do the Basques in case of Spain.

However, if one were to see that the participants in the programme are those that represent the religion of Islam and Christianity, but you will not see one who represents Somalia. Nor do you see anyone who represents the Welsh, for example.

Hence, you see that the programme should be rightly called multi-religion and not multi-culture. Because of the confusion of the definition, the programme is not going anywhere to come to even close to solving the problems that the society is encountering. And if the problem of a follower of Islam not being able to fit into a secular society is broght, it is brushed aside since the position taken is that the programme deals with culture and not religion. On the other hand, those who are invited to participate are not those who can talk about their culture.

My Reply

Dear X:

Thank you for the response. Cameron has not said the riots were a part of multiculturalism. He cannot possibly do so. But, given the nature of the reaction, it was obvious that the government was unconcerned. When does a government show such slackness? When it knows that the indigenous populations are safe.

Therefore, the multiculturalism bogey is anti-immigrant. That is the reason my piece took off from the example of South Asian victims and Cameron's special words for them. It was a shrewd move. They want our best talent. That's it.

Where Islam is concerned - and since many people are concerned about Islam to the exclusion of all else! - it is really a part of this mixed bag that has appeared on their shores. The reaction is extreme because the current situation internationally is geared towards fighting a 'war on terror'. Due to the obvious jihadi groups, it becomes convenient. I am speaking here purely from the multi-culti perspective.

A lot has been said about the difference in reaction of Norway's leader and what could possibly be the US position following the attacks by Breivik. The insistence of the media to not brand him a terrorist is part of the multiculturalist ethos.

I understand your differentiating between religion and culture. However, the issue is about the 'other' here. It could be geographical, cultural or religious.

Think about anti-immigrant stand of some people in Mumbai. It was based on outsiders. So, it was geographical but with it comes language, and sometimes religion. Will we not also club them as 'culture'?

Culture has a larger connotation and includes various aspects of living. The London riots are being seen as economic protests, which is one part of the story. Race is another and then within that there are the chosen few as opposed to the not acceptable.

A bit like good Taliban, bad Taliban that transformed into good Muslim and bad Muslim. Ironically the good Muslim in political terms is one who is not toeing a religious line.

I am not sure what mainstream means because there is no single British idea (think Ireland) and most certainly no single Indian one. So what stream is the main one? Even politically, which means how the country is run, there are several disparate ideas.

Yet, for an outsider, there is something called Indian culture. It is based solely on India as a nation and what they see of it. It could be the Taj Mahal or the ghats in Varanasi or the churches or Ayurveda.

This is the real mainstream. All else is manufactured to belong, like a newly-wed bride in her new home.

- - -

After all this, he sends a reply that he does not understand what I write!

~F

Comment Bubble Tip

Culture and Religion

Farzana,

Thank you for this. Yes, the definitions are very important when we discuss important issues, but often we have to think deeply beyond dictionary definitions. I see his “reasoning” and I appreciate his effort very much in writing to you and your effort to show it because I have this chance to respond. But I think his statement is wrong. Because I love Culture and Language so much, I've been reading such books quite a bit, and this is what I found out.

There is no culture without religion. All religions come from some kind of culture.

I know the issue is complex, but above are facts. Maybe, we are at the square one of this issue, but it will be good if we all are aware of it.

Comment Bubble Tip

Wait a minute

Perhaps you are taking what you call a big subject and making it simplistic. There is no culture without religion? What about there is no culture without sex? There is no sex without culture. Or subsititute water, or carbohydrates or . . .

Most religions are combinations of cruel fables, fear, and reward. Usually the reward comes after you're dead. 

Comment Bubble Tip

Is it simplistic?

Ivan,

I think big or small subject, they have some kind of connection. Once I heard a British person living in Japan described to others that Japanese society was secular. I understood why he said that because most of us don’t go to temple regularly, pray, or listen to priests’ talk. But underneath, when we really think about it, Shinto and Buddhism are active. For instance, when my friends come over to see me, upon their return, I usually wave goodbye until I can no longer see them. A Japanese friend of mine said that tendency came from our Buddhism backgrounds. It is probably so. She turned her head at the corner of my cul-de-sac every time she returned home. But without the same tendency, she wouldn’t have turned back. Also about relating to Shinto, I feel cleansing my spirit by using water. Japanese habitually water storefronts and everywhere, even the streets around them sometimes, usually after sweeping. In tea ceremony, we water through the garden path to a tea house three times during a party. I think we do that so that we cleanse the area, show our love to guests, and entertain everyone’s eyes by making greenery greener. By doing so, we feel cleansed. When I look back, I think I used to water my garden too much when I was going through a hard time.

About sex in culture, my instinct tells me sex probably came before religion. Because I believe culture came before religion, therefore, I think sex must the oldest among the three. What do you think?

Comment Bubble Tip

Sex 'fore all

Could not resist taking this on:

"About sex in culture, my instinct tells me sex probably came before religion. Because I believe culture came before religion, therefore, I think sex must the oldest among the three."

Is it like religion and culture were born out of a sexual alliance? Sounds great! Think about it - cohabitation, then culturisation of sex and penitance resulting in religion.

Thanks, Keiko :)

~F

Comment Bubble Tip

A sexual alliance

I do love the way your mind works, Farzana! I have been out of the loop so to speak, because of returning to full time teaching. This discussion thread has been stimulating to say the least.

Comment Bubble Tip

Cindy: Thank you or should my

Cindy:

Thank you or should my mind do the thanking?! Or, more likely, those who contributed to this discussion.

It is wonderful that you will teach fulltime, and may you enjoy that as much as you did interacting. Your writing will continue, I should hope.

My best...

~F

Comment Bubble Tip

Culture...

Keiko and Ivan:

"There is no culture without religion. All religions come from some kind of culture."

Does Keiko mean that religion is a part of culture, in the sense of a community feeling that imbues it with certain mores and values? 

Then, Ivan, the "cruel fables...rewards" you speak of would fit in, of we see how society functions, especially where religion is politicised or sought to be projected as a national construct. 

I think different societies, and sub-groups, see culture differently. So, sure, the Playboy bunny culture is as relevant as the oxygen bubble one. These at least give some happiness...

Comment Bubble Tip

Religion

Kind acts are perpetrated in the name of religion. So are beastly acts. I won't try to determine whether the result is a net gain or loss, but it's certainly a loss to the individuals themselves when they are tortured or murdered in the name of religion.

Comment Bubble Tip

Just enough

“We have just enough religion to make us hate, but not enough to make us love one another.” - Jonathan Swift