“I have a friend—"
The immigration official shook his head in disgust. No preamble and no name. Just the old “I have a friend” routine. At least the guy spoke decent English. No accent at all, as far as he could tell.
“Right. So tell me about your—friend.” The official rolled his eyes. He figured he could indulge himself, since no one could see him over the phone.
The caller explained: His friend had come to the United States with his parents and his three older siblings when he was a baby. He had been born in a small city not far from the border. The family had entered the United States legally and the parents later became naturalized citizens, sometime during the friend’s childhood. Or so he thought.
The official listened. The caller sounded educated. And definitely not a kid. Someone who should have known better.
“So—what’s your question? Your friend’s question, I mean.” Like he couldn’t guess.
The caller got to the point. Finally. His friend had always assumed he had automatically acquired U.S. citizenship when his parents were naturalized. But recently he’d started to have second thoughts. Maybe he—or his parents—should have done something else, to make it official. The friend had actually started to worry, because he’d just taken his first serious job, and he thought his new employer might be concerned about his citizenship.
“So—do you have any advice I could pass along to my friend?”
“Advice? Sure. You tell your friend he needs to get his ass down here right away.”
***
I’ve taken some liberties in reconstructing this little vignette. The story is true, but the only line of dialogue I know for sure is the last one. The punchline.
The caller took the advice to heart. He got his own ass down to the immigration office right away—along with his father’s. Fortunately, the older man was still living, and he could document his son’s story.
I assume my father already had a copy of his Canadian birth certificate.
***
From the time I was a little girl, I knew my father’s immigration story. It went like this: His parents and three older siblings emigrated from Scotland to Ontario, Canada, where my father was born in 1922. When he was about a year old, the family left Canada and settled in Cleveland. Six years later, the family returned to Scotland for a year, where my father had his first year of school. Then they returned to Cleveland for good. Somewhere along the line, they all became citizens. I figured it happened when my father was a child. Or, if not then, when he served in the Army during World War II.
My mother made a big deal of my father’s citizenship status. She always put it like this:
“Your father is a naturalized citizen, you know. So that means he can never be President of the United States.”
She repeated it often.
Imagine that! As a little girl, I could not believe the sheer injustice of it all. I was indignant—at the unfairness to my father, not to mention the loss to the country. My Daddy was probably the smartest man in Cleveland. My Mommy told me, so it must be true. He had a master’s degree in political science and he had even gone to Harvard. Twice. (He left both times, too!) He’d been shut out of the Presidency because of some dumb law. And Canada wasn’t exactly a foreign country, anyhow.
When I got a little older, I realized that my father, regardless of his birthplace, would never have been a likely candidate for political office. He had dreamed of being a writer or a professor, but ended up as a mid-level business executive. So my mother’s remark was definitely odd. But I took it to be just one more example of family myth building.
But now, all these years later, my mother has told me the strange story of how my father—belatedly—established his citizenship. So I think the point of her remark was not, as I thought, to make a case for my father’s towering intellect. She wanted to make sure we all understood that he really was a U.S. citizen.
The new story is this: A few years after I was born, my father got a civilian job in the training department of the U.S. Navy. Something he read (my mother gets a little vague here) made him begin to wonder about his citizenship status. He made an anonymous call to someone—maybe it was the Immigration and Naturalization Service, maybe it was the Navy—to get some answers for an unnamed “friend” with a little immigration problem.
After that, everyone got “very worried,” according to my mother. The official who told him to get his ass over there. His boss at the Navy. My father. His father. And my mother, I’m sure.
I assume my father’s father—my affable Grandpa Kilpatrick—produced the family’s old British passports from the 1920’s, which my mother recently passed along to me, as well as the record of his own 1939 naturalization, which I’ve found online.
From what I’ve read of immigration law at the time, my grandfather’s children would have been automatically granted citizenship based on his naturalization, after they each had five years of residence in the United States—as long as they had been issued a green card, as proof of legal residence. I’m guessing this last step was somehow overlooked.
Along with the old family passports, I now have a copy of my father’s citizenship paper. It’s a peculiar document. It’s a declaration of citizenship after the fact, based on my father having been naturalized in 1939, the same date as his father. And it was issued much later than I was led to believe: in 1958, several years after the problem came to light.
I still wonder why there was so much worry about my father’s ambiguous status, which seemed to hinge on a technicality. Perhaps it was because he was an employee of the U.S. government. Or it may reflect the McCarthy-era frenzy of the early 1950s, with the paranoid anxiety about loyalty, especially among the foreign-born.
One thing is clear: When I playfully commented in an earlier essay that I was the daughter of an illegal, it was no joke!
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interesting
Hi Blair,
I found this tale very interesting. I grew up with a similar story regarding my father. Both my parents became naturalized citizens when I was still a little girl, and I remember it being a big deal to them. And I remember my father saying that it was the only thing preventing him from becoming President, and me believing that that was the only reason. He too dreamed of being a writer and a great thinker, and really got as far as mid-level business, though at times it could appear quite glamorous with lots of trips abroad.
I wonder how you found your father's naturalization papers online? Could you share a link? I wonder if I could find those of my parents. Thanks for writing. I enjoyed your piece very much.
Hi Marta, Thanks for
Hi Marta,
Thanks for commenting and for the kind words.
Wow, what an uncanny coincidence! And here I thought it was a crazy quirk of my own family, the idea that my father was unfairly cheated out of a shot at the presidency. (Don't tell me you grew up in Cleveland, too :-)
I found naturalization records for my grandparents (on both the Scottish and Slovenian sides) through a subscription-based genealogy site, Ancestry.com. You can get a free trial membership for a week or two, if you go to their site. It would be well worth it, if you are looking for specific documents. Get in, get out, at no cost.
Go here: www.ancestry.com
(Of course, they count on your becoming so obsessed that you will remain, so that can start charging your credit card every month! It's about $20/month.)
My father's papers were recently passed along to me by my mother. I don't think they are available online, because of their relative recency.
If I can think of other resources, I'll let you know.
Thanks again!
Blair
Thank you!
Thanks so much for your generous & quick response! No, I've never been to Cleveland, though I've heard alot of Hungarians are there, which is what my Dad is. I will follow up with Ancestry.com and try to remember to bail out before the charges hit! Thanks again!
m
another fascinating tidbit
Here's something I just learned from someone in my writing group, who has a similar family story: Many countries allow for "citizenship by descent" for children, even sometimes the grandchildren, who are born to that country's citizens who are living in another country. (Even if they are living the new country permanently, and go on to become citizens.)
Pretty interesting. You can look up the various county's laws about this. Great Britain definitely has it. Not sure what the point would be. But it might be cool to hold dual citizenship (which turns out to be allowed, in many places, including the U.S.
Blair:
Just off hand, I might remark that the United States, as should be obvious at the moment, has had an absurdly tortured and varied Immigration Policy, a series of Acts and tinkerings every three to ten years, in fact, from 1789 to the present -- depending on whom we needed and who we wanted to keep out. In the first legislation, for instance, The Naturalization Act of 1790, "free white persons" of "good moral character" were welcomed. But in 1795, the Law was amended to require a five year residency and a renunciation of allegiance to country of origin or former domicile. Three years later, in 1798, the residency was raised to 14 years because a majority of recent immigrants had signed up for the wrong political party!
And it has continued like that, with a swelling of generosity (and need) after the Civil War until the First World War, after which "quotas" were established for various nationalities, and again after World War II. Perhaps, the most infamous immigration regulation was The Displaced Persons Act of 1948, engineered by the CIA, which allowed tens of thousands of Fascist war criminals who had been recruited for anti-Communist duties in Eastern Europe to enter the United States, mainly through the Baltic States -- but on a technicality, barred Jews and Catholics! [The latter oversight was corrected in 1953.]
You can find more detail, Blair, among many timellines, here:
http://ocp.hul.harvard.edu/immigration/dates.html or a less detailed but more up to date one, here:
http://www.flowofhistory.org/themes/movement_settlement/uspolicytimeline...
I think your father might, at one time, have been required to make a choice of citizenship between here and the UK by the age of 21. [Children of friends of mine did that.] Maybe such a provision was the source of the anxiety over his status. Certainly, alien status would have required official action by the Navy to give him clearance for "Top Secret" during the Cold War.
And now after the Irish, the Germans, the Eastern Europeans, the Jews, the Italians, the Chinese, the East Indians, Filipinos, the Japanese, the Nazis and the Fascists, the Russians, and the Cubans, we are back to the dilemma of the Mexicans, 48,000 of whom we made citizens as part of The Treaty of Hidalgo, in 1848, after the Mexican War -- our first successful war of imperial conquest.
My own father had been a Cameron Highlander, a machine gunner in the First World War, and so he and my mother got right in from Canada in 1929, and I was born here after that.
Macresarf1 -- Glenn Anders -- Alex Fraser